Experimental Findings on Seismic Performance of a Point-Fixed Glass Façade System

Abstract

This paper presents the outcomes of a full-scale experimental and numerical investigation on the in-plane cyclic response of point-fixed glass façade systems (PFGFS). Two façade prototypes with different connector types—fully drilled countersunk bolts and partially embedded bolts—were tested under quasi-static reversed loading to evaluate their drift capacity and post-fracture performance. The 3×3 panel configurations exhibited stable cyclic behaviour with maximum drift ratios near 2%, exceeding current code limits for non-structural ductile elements. Damage progression was governed by bolt rotation, sealant deformation, and limited yielding of steel components, while the laminated glass and interlayer ensured post-fracture stability without panel fallout. A simplified finite element model, validated against test data, accurately captured the global stiffness and deformation trends. The results demonstrate that PFGFS can sustain controlled failure mechanisms while maintaining residual load-bearing capacity, supporting the development of performance-based seismic design criteria for glass façades.