Modeling Frequency Effects in the Seismic Low-Cycle Fatigue Performance of Structural Glazing Joints Using a Modified S–N Approach

Abstract

In addition to static loads, structural glazing joints in glass and facade construction are increasingly exposed to dynamic and extraordinary loads such as earthquakes. Recent studies have highlighted a significant influence of the test frequency on the low-cycle fatigue (LCF) performance of structural adhesives, but a consistent modeling approach is still lacking. This study investigates the frequency-dependent fatigue behavior of structural glazing joints under seismic loading conditions. To evaluate the frequency influence in detail, 112 specimens were subjected to force- and displacement-controlled LCF tests. These two control modes represent different boundary conditions and failure mechanisms relevant to typical glass and facade constructions. For the displacement-controlled tests, specific failure criteria based on cyclic parameters were defined to ensure comparability. The results confirm a clear frequency dependency with higher frequencies leading to longer fatigue life until complete failure. To capture this effect, the conventional Basquin-type S-N approach was extended by incorporating the test frequency as an additional influencing factor. The modified model showed very good agreement with the experimental data across all configurations. These findings contribute to the understanding of the frequency -dependent fatigue failure mechanisms in structural glazing joints and support the improvement of design concepts under seismic loading.