Photovoltaics in the Building Envelope

Abstract

Photovoltaics in façades are currently enjoying great popularity, also as a way of contributing to renewable energy production. There are various subsidy programmes to promote the installation of photovoltaics. Two "worlds" meet here, the world of electricity and the world of construction. In case photovoltaic modules are CE-labelled, the basis for this is not the European Construction Products Regulation but a low-voltage directive. Taking a closer look at the set-up of these modules, one very often finds unregulated construction products: Thin glass, no PVB as an interlayer but other materials, glued constructions - in some cases also point-glued in the form of backrails. With photovoltaic cells a laminated safety glass turns to simple laminated glass. There are also more and more applications that not only act as cladding, but are also installed as fall protection or "overhead". This paper begins with an overview of the different types of modules and their applications. It discusses building regulations including the necessary structural analysis and testing verifications. Another important aspect is the anchoring to the building. Until now most applications are standard applications with framed panels on roofs or installations on fields. More and more attractive applications from the architectural point of view are built or are under construction. Finally, some projects are presented.